Bread toaster



- April 10, 1928. 1,665,735

l T. c. FORBES BREAD ToAsTER Filed Jang, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 Z5 vf1Venn/or THOMAS CI/oleL-:f

v 1 @www Arran/Ems* l April 1o, 192s. l Y 1,665,735

.V T. C. FORBES BREAD ToAsTER Filed Jan. 5-, v1927- 5 Sheets-Sheet '5 so6l 'ze 74, fnl/engel 4 H6. 6 @J W* www April 10, 1928. A v 1,665,735 T,c. FORBES.

BREAD ToAsTER y l Filed Jan. 5. 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 TToENEs/s April10, 1928.

` 1.665.735 T. C. FORBES BREAD ToAsTER Fil Jan. 5, 1927 5 sheets-sheet 5Patented Apr. l0, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS C. FORBES, OF HOPKINS, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR T WATERS-GENTER CO.,OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, A CORPORATION OF MINNESOTA.

BREAD TOAST'ER.

Application filed January 5, 1927. Serial No. 159,129.

,timing mechanism were allowed to function lt)V in the normal manner`the toast would be burned' before the circuit to the heating elementwould be interrupted. It is, therefore, an object; of this invention toprovide `means whereby a compensation can be made when super-heatingtakes place, so that the timing period can be reduced j'woportionat-elyas the temperature increases. For this purpose this device includesacircuit controlling means, which is releasably locked to close thecircuit, a thermostatic element is also employed which is arranged toreceive h eat from the heater element or from the toasting chamber, andmechanism controllable by the thermostatic element is employed toprematurely release the switch'control means, to open the circuit, in apoint of time, substan tially proportionate to the increasingtemperature.

(-)thev objects are to provide a device' having a toasting chamber; toprovide means movable in the toasting chamber for sup-` porting thetoast, and for lowering the toast to toasting position as well as forraising the same to an accessible position, after toasting; to provide aswitch for controlling a heating circuit :tor the toastchamber; toprovide means for controlling the switch, the said means being connectedwith the movable toast supporting means of the toasting chamber tollower the means as the switch is closed, and to raise the means as theswitch is opened; to provide a timer mechanism for controllingl thelength of hea-ting period and to provide winding means for the timer; toprovide detent means adapted to engage with, and releasably holdtheswitch control means in switch closed position; to arrange thewinding means for holding the detent in non-locking position when thetimer is unset or inoperative; 4to provide an arrangement whereby thewinding means relcasesthe dctent which conditions the same for lockingengagement to hold the switch open, as the winding means moves away fromthe detent to wind the clock spring in a predetermined degree; toprovide means for limiting the movement of the winding means tocorrespondingly limit the timing interval; and to provide a deviceselectively controlled by the temperature of thetoast chamber, or heaterelement to trip the detcnt and cause a selective premature closing otthe switch substantially proportional to that rise in temperature in thetoast chamber, over and above the normal temperature for which thedevice is designed, to prevent burning of the toast. The salient'featureof the last mentioned'means being to thermostatically open the heatingcircuit control switch substantially proportionally to a rise intemperature in the heating or toast chamber to prevent burning of thetoast.v

Features of the invention include the detail construction of thetoaster, as well as the combinations and sub-combinations of itselements; the use of a thermostatically controlled device forprematurely opening the heater circuit controlv switch whensupertemperatures are arrived at within the heating chamber; the meansfor obtaining a stepped operation of the mechanism to release and openthe heating circuit control switch prematurely; the details ofconstruction of the thermostatically controlled device; and the generalarrangement of the parts for obtaining the various results set forththrough the specification, including combinations and sub-combinationsof the parts. Advantages and features as well as additional objects,will be Set forth in the description of the drawings forming a part ofthe specification, and in said drawings:

Figure 1 is a side view partly in section illustrating the improvedthermostat control device and related parts, with the timing mechanismin operation, and with the thermostatic element in normal posit-ion;

Figure 2 is a fragmentary view showing the. thermostatically controlleddevice in one of its thermostatically adjusted positions; Figure 3 is aview similar to Figure l showing the thermostatically controlledauxiliary throw element in -the act of tripping .the switch controldevice to open the switch;

Figure 4 is a front view, with the mechanism positioned incorrespondence to Figure 3, and illustrating the manner of limiting theswing 'of the movable winding element for the timing device;

Fi ure 5 is a vertical sectional view sub.

- on line 9-9 of Figure 10; and

Figure 1() is a vertical section substantially on line 10-10 of Figure8.

The frame of the device is herein composed of sheet metal plates. Thebase plate is indicated at 1 and is of hollow formation providin(Irhorizontal bottom flanges to which are attaclicd longitudinally arrangedstrips 3 forming with the flanges, a pair of horizon-v tal guidesadapted to slidably receive a `positely disposed crumb tray 4. Legs 5support the base at four corners. In order tol provide openings throughwhich the crumbs may fall to be received by the tray, see Figure 10, andin order to provide, in t-his instance, two toasting chambers, the baseis punched to provide marginal flanges 7 and 8, and a center flange 9,which flanges are longitudinally arranged. To each flange is connected apair of insullating strips 10 of mica or other suitable makterial andattached at the upper end of each strip are pairs of metallic strips12,' each having a terminal angularly related extension 13, theextensions of corresponding opstrips being aired to form spring fingersadapted to frictionally receive the lower 4metallic elements 14 of thesheetlike heater elements 15, the body portions of which are preferablyconstructed of mica. as most clearly shown in Figure 6. Pairs ofsheet-like elements 15 are lconnected at the top by a U-sliaped metallicbinding element 17 and each element 15 has a winding of metallic ribbonarranged as shown, one termina-l of the ribbon 18, being connected as at19 to one of the conductor elements 14 and being wound upwardly aboutthe member 15, then passedto the adjacent member and wound in a downwarddirection to terminate as at 20 by fastening to an opposite element 14.As shown in Figure 10, the heater elements are thus made removable,their lower ends being frictionally held by the spring clips 13, andtheir upper ends extending to the top of the casing and being arrangedin a manner now to be described.

The metallic strips 12 are connected in parallel, as Ashown in Figure 9,by strips 20, 21, 22. Wires or rods 25,26 complete circuit connection asat 2 7, 28 with a suitable current source. The bar 25 is connected atone end, as shown, to the back plate 29 of an inner casing, the sideplates of which are shown at 30 and the front plate at 31. The

outer casing is generally indicated at 32. The inner casing incloses theheating chambers or 1t may be viewed as constituting a single heatingchamber, although a type of toaster has been shown herein in which twotoasting chambers are provided. Referring to Figure 10 the plates 30have their upper edges twice bent to provide a depending flange 35arranged to be laterally engaged by the elements 10.

An ejecting toast support is provided as a bottom for the toast chamber,which is adapted to receive the toast. and cause the same to be loweredas the circuit is closed to the heating element, and is further adaptedto be raised as the heating clement circuit is opened. For this purposethe plates 29 and 81 are vertically slotted as at 40 to receive thebent, sheet metal translatable bottom members 41, the opposite ends ofwhich project through and are guided by the slots 40. The elements 41provide laterally extending arms or prongs 42 each of which lias anopening traversed by a wire 50, the wires bein` arranged as shown inFigures 8 and 10 to rorm a kind of vertical grid, the wires looselytraversing the openings 55 of the prongs, and therefore conditioning theelements 41 for freedom of movement in vertical direction for thepurpose in han Each toast supporting chamber is thus formed of twotransversely spaced rows of wires, the longitudinally spaced arrangementof which permits the heat to reach the toast. rl`he upper end of eachwire is turned to form a hook 56, and the wires are supported by thesehooks, upon longitudinally extending parallel supports 57 herein havingthe form of substantially U shaped members having their concave sidesfacing upwardly, and removably engaged in slots extending downwardlyfrom` the uppe1' edges of the plate 29 and 31. ,The supports 56 ai'eremovably held within these slots and longitudinal movement is preventedby turnedout terminal portions 60, see Figures 6 and 7. The upwardmovement of grid elements 50 is prevented by a cover plate 61, seeFigure 10, which engages the hook portions 56 of the grid wires asshown. This plate has openings 62 througlrwhich the toast is introduced,into the toast receiving chambers vformed between the grids; theopenings being slightly wider than the distance between the grid formingwires. The elements 41 have right-angularly related arms at theirforward ends which aie connected together by the rods 65, see Figure 7so that the elements 41 will move in unison, their movement beingcontrolled by a slide element 66, which has an extension 67 throughwhich the rods 65 engage, see Figures 7 and 8 as well as Figures 5 and6. Theslide elelnent as a sheet metal stamping slides upon the verticalrod 81 suitably supported as shown.

das

In Figures 7 and 8, vthe slide element is shown in its lowermostposition where it is locked, and when in this position the switch isclosed as shown in Figure which figure B orresponds with Figures 7 and8. The slide y inthe arm 72.

leotrically connected with the bar 26 and lying at the outer side of thewall 31 of the casing, see Figure 9. and suitably insulated from thecasing, is an extension 75 having a'contaet 76. With this contact isengaged a corresponding contact 77 of a lever 78, see Figures 5 and 6.This lever is suitably pivoted as at 79 to a bracket 80 secured to andinsulated from the wall 31. The lever 78 depends and has a V-shaped slot82 therein lying below its pivot and between the contact 77 and pivot.Engaged within this slot is a roller 85 carried at the outer end of anarm or link 86 which arm is pivoted as at 87 to an'extension 88 of i thelever 89, pivoted at 90 to a shaft 91 which extends transversely at theback of the inner casing. A spring 92 connected with another extension93 of the lever 89, is connected at its forward end with the casing asshown at 95, and tends to throw the switch control lever upwardly. Thelever 89 is connected as by a rod 96, see Figures 5 and 7, with theslide 66, and the slide is slotted, as at 100l (see Figure 8) to allowsuitable compensative movements. Thus whenever the switch control leveris depressed to clpse the switch the ejector toast supports, 41, arealso lowered to bring the toast entirely within the toasting chamber.The action of the Contact lever 78, will be evident from an inspectionof Figures 5 and 6. If the lever 89 is depressed from that positionfragmentarily shown in dotted lines in Figure 5, the roller 85 thenbeing in the position shown in Figure 6 will ride downwardly due to theoutward movement of the link 86, and as soon as the roller rides overthe point 83 the lever 78 will be thrown or snapped to switch closingposition. When the lever 89 rises a reverse action will take place.Referring to Figure 7, a spring 101 is connected to the support 80, andto the journal 102 of the roller 85, operates to pull the link 86upwardly to keep the roller against the inclined upper surfaces of theupper portion of the V shaped slot. A sto 105 limits the outwardmovement of thc lever 78. The bracket is suitably insulated, -andelectric connection bctween one of the terminal heating elements and thebracket jis made through the wire 106, see Figures 6 and 7. The circuitcan be traced by reference to Figures 9 and 6.

One of the additional important features of this device resides in thetiming mechanism provided for holding the switch control element indepressed or switch closing position during a predetermined period oftime. The timing device is mounted as best shown in Figure 7 at theright of the figure, and comprises side plates supporting a suitableclock mechanism, including a winding shaft 115 and'spring 116 windablethereby, a suitable escapement mechanism being provided, which is notherein shown, and suitable gear connection being also provided as inordinar clock mechanisms. When the. winding sha t 115 is rotated counterclockwise direction as `viewed in Figures l, 2 and 3it will beunderstood that the mechanism will be wound and the degree of windinglwill correspond to the degree of rotation of the shaft 115. Ordinarilythis winding shaft has little more than a complete .rotation for thelongest timing period.

Referring first to Figure 1. A movable windin element 120 is hereinshown in the. form o a lever pivoted at 121 to the shaft 91, and havinga finger piece 122 accessible from the frontof the casing in the mannerof the switch control lever 89. The lever is disposed upon the outerside of the inner casing wall, and lies between the inner and outercasings, as does the lever ,89. Tin` front casing is suitably verticallyslotted to allow free movement of both levers. The substantially normalposition of the lever 120 is shown in dotted lines in Figure 1, and inits uppermost position its upper edge acts to raise the latch member 72to disengage the same from the extension 68 of the slide 66` to allowthe switch lever to be thrown to switch open position.

The distance of downward travel of the, lever 120 substantially from thedotted position, to that shown in full lines in Figure 1, determines thetiming interval, and means is provided whereby the downward movementofthe lever may be limited in varying degrees, eonformably to the desiredheating period. This means comprises a. stop in the form of a fingerhold 125 secured to the outer end of a rod 126, which freely traversesthe slot in the front easing and this rod is slidably arranged in an arm127 of the lever 120. The head of finger.' piece 125 has a taperedextension 128 adapted lo engage in any one of the serrations or slotsI1530 of the slot in front cover of the machine, sec l Figure 4 at theright of the figure. The inner end of the rod 126 is surrounded by a therod is urged coil spring 135, engaged at one end with'a stationarycollar 136 and atthe other with a slidable collar 137 which lattercollar abuttingly engages the arm 127. By' this means inwardly and canbe positively wedgingly locked after setting, the setting beingaccomplished by simply pulling the rod outwardly, raising it to thedesired notch, and releasing. The lever 120 is connected by a pivotedrack 140 with a gear 141 fixed to the winding shaft 115 of; the clockmechanism. and this rack isguided a suit-able roller 142 which also actsto hold the rack in mesh with its gea-r. The different Vpositions. ofthe lever 120 are shown in Figures 1 and The dotted line position ofFigure 1 indicating substantially the uppermost position, and the fullline position of Figure 3 showing the intermediate position.

The length of time is controlled by the degree of winding tension,submitted to the spiral winding spring by the winding shaft, andtherefore the amount of rot-ation `of the shaft determines that tension,and also the length of timethat the timer operates, or in other words,the unwinding period. The maximum amount of winding'is had when thewinding means is at its lowermost position or, at the greatest distancefrom its normal detent tripping position. Therefore, this lowermost oroutermost position correspends to the longest period during which theheating vcoil controlf4 `-`circuit remains closed.

As long as the lever is in uppermost position, it engages the detent toso dispose the same, that no locking of the switch control inechanisn'i,in switch closed can be had. The switch can be manually closed by thismechanism but upon releasing the lever, it will automatically move toopen the switch, and interrupt the circuit to the heater coils. Thusunless the timing 'mechanism is operative, the heating'circuit can onlybe maintained in closed position by manually holding the lever in thatposition. When, however, the timing mechanism is operative the switchwill remain closed as. a result of engagement of the detent with theswitch control mechanism as set forth.

In the device shown. the greatest` degree of clock winding is ence totiming periods which will not burn the toast when the device is firststarted, and before all of its parts have been heated to such atemperature as would burn the toast. This original adjustment whichprovides for a timin period during which the toast will not be urned, Idesignate normal. The mechanism herein, provides means whereby peratureis increased to a degree above the normal; the circuit controllingswitch to the heater element can be prematurely opened,

used. In this instance the 'posite direction.

with a small extension 158 of the swingablel designed in correspond-o asthe toast chamber tem-p" mamas opening of the heating circuit, toprevent the provision of burning of the toast, particularly under thoseconditions where the toaster Ahas been in operation over an extendedtime, and the parts thereof are super-heated. so that the time yintervalordinarily provided by the timing mechanism is too long, resulting inburning of the toast.

I, therefore, provide a mechanism which is adapted to cause the detent69 to be operated to release the switch control lever and open theswitch prematurely, that is, sooner than it would open, if thetemperature conditions were normal.

The device comprises a movable element 150 suitably gui pins 151, 152,engaging through slots 153, 154, of the element 150. Pivoted to theslidable element 150 is a swingable element 155 which has preferably theform indicated but which may have other forms according to theconditions under which it is to be anced or weighted to normally lie asshown in Figure 1. One edge of the element 155 is serrated at 165 toprovide a series of stops or abutments. These serrations may e very muchfiner than herein shown or they may be coarser according to the work inded in this instance upon lement is balhand, the essential feature beingto provide is pendently disposed, and a stop 156fpre-` vents outwardmovement, a second stop v157 being provided to limit movement 1n the oThis stop is engageab e member 155. This element 155 also has a pin 164engageable by a thermostatic bar 157, the bar being secured only at oneend as at 158 to a conducting element, in this instance composed ofcopper. This element 159 is secured at o posite ends as at 160 to theouter wall of t e toast chamber and being suitably heat insulated as atpoint of connection. wardl from the casing, to which it is attachedlonly at the ends. When the wall of the heating chamber becomessuper-heated the element 157 is caused inthis instance to flex upwardly,causing its outer end to engage the pin 164and swing the element 155,

The element 159 is spaced outlio on its pivot 163 resulting, accordingto the I for example as shown in Figure 3. When this takes place thetranslatable element 150 is moved upwardly, and its arm 161 engages thearm 72 of the detent, and raises the same prematurely as set :forthabove.

The thermostatic element is arranged in substantially a horizontalpositionwith its inner edge adjacent the outer side of the wall of thetoast chamber, at the opposite side of which wall the heater element isimmediately adjacently disposed. Thus the thermostatic element isarranged in a manner to receive practically Vthe same amount of heatthat the toast chamber receives, it bein understood that the outercasing of' the evice incloses the thermostatic element and its mounting.The arrangement of the casin thus form a kind of auxiliary heating c`lamber in which the thermostatic element is inclosed.

I claim as my invention: 1. A .device of the class described includingan electric heater, a switch for controlling the current to the heater,a detent for holding the switch closed, a clock mechanism, a movableelement connected for winding the clock mechanism, and 'engageable withthe detent at the end of a timing period, a movable support engageableto prematurely trip the detent, a member pivoted to the movable support,and a thermostatic element controlled by the heater temperature andarranged to move-the ivoted member to interpose thesame in t e path ofthe movable winding element.

2. A device of the class described including an electric heater, aswitch for controlling the current to the heater, a detent :for holdingthe switch closed, a clock mechanism, a movable element connected forwinding the clock mechanism, and adapted to be ent-rained when the clockis running, and engageable with the detent at the end. of a timingperiod, a movable support engageable to prematurely trip the detent, astop member pivoted to the movable support, and a thermostatic elementcontrolled by the heater temperature and arranged tomove the pivotedstop member to interposethe same in the path of the entrained windingelement.

3. A device of the class described including an electric heater, aswitch for controlling the current to the heater, a detent foro holdingthe switch closed, a clock mechanism, a movable element connected forwinding the clock mechanism, and adapted to be entrained when the clockis running, and engageable to trip the detent at the end of a timingperiod, a movable support engageable to prematurely trip the detent, amember pivoted to the movable support and having a series of steppedabutments, and a thermostatic 'element controlled by the heatertemperature and arranged to move the pivoted abutment member in a'degree proportional to its temperature, to` selectively interpose anabutment in the path of the entrained winding element.

4. A device of the class described including an electric heater, aswitch for controlling current to the heater, a detent for holding theswitch in closed position, a clock mechanism, a pivoted element forWinding the clock mechanism when moved in one direction, and adapted tobe entrained in an opposite direction when the clockis running, saiddetent being trippable by the movable element at the end of the timingperiod, a movable support engageable to'prematurely trip the detent, apendentl disposed pivoted member on the mova le support arranged to beinterposed in the path of the entrained winding element, and athermostatic element controlled by heater temperature, and arranged toengage the pendently pivoted member, to dispose the same across the pathof the winding member.

5. A device of the class described includingan electric heater, and aclock-controlled switch therefor including a switch tripping detent,apmovable element for winding the clock, said detent being trippable bythe movable element, a movable support engageable to prematurely tripthemdetent, a stop member pivoted to the movable support, and athermostatic element controlled by heater temperature and arranged toengage the pivoted stop member to dispose thesame across the path of thewinding member.

6. A device of the class described including an electric heater, and aclock-controlled switch therefor, including a switch controlling detent,a movable element for winding the clock, said detent being trippable bythe movable element, a movable support engageable to prematurely tripthe detent, an abutment member pivoted to the movable support and havinga series of curvilinearly arranged stops, and a thermostatic elementcontrolled by heater temperature and arran ed to engage the pivotedabutment mem er to swing the same through an arc of predetermined degreeand dispose one of the stops across the path of the winding element. v

7. A device of the class described including an electric heater, aswitch for controlling current to the heater, a detent for holding theswitch in closed osition, a clock mechanism, including a winding shaft,a movable element connected for rotating the windingshaft' in windingdirection, and adapted to be entrained when the clock is running, saiddetent being engageable by the movable element to open the switch at theend of a timing period, a vmovable support also engageable with thedetent to prematurely trip the same, an abutment member pivoted to themovable support and weightthe ed to normally lie outside the path of aseries of abutwinding element and having ments, and a thermostatic eement controlled by the heater temperature, and ada ted to engage thepivoted abutment mem er to selectively dispose an abutment across thepath of the moving winding element.

8. A device of the class described includ-- f trained lwhen the lclock.mechanism is run- Aa. stop member nin said detent being engageable andtrippab e by the entrained element to open the switch, a movable supportalso en ageable with the detent prematurely to trip 51 pivoted to themovable support and arranged for engagement by the entrained windingelement, and a thermostatic element controlled by the toasting chambertemperature, and adapted to engage and selectively move the stop memberto interpose the same in the path of the winding member.

9. A'device of the class described including a 'heater element, a switchfor controlling the current to the heater element, means for manuallyclosin the switch,l a detent for holding the swltch control means inswitch closed position, a clock mechanism including a windin shaft, amovable element connected with the shaft to wind the same and adapted tobe entrained when the clock is running, a stop adjustable to limit themovement of the member during entrainment, said detent beingrengageableby the winding element at the end of a timing 'period to trip theldetent, a movable Support having an abutment engageable for trippingthe detent prematurely, ment member pivoted to the support to swing, andwhen gravity controlled adapted to be in inoperative position, saidmember having stepped abutments curvilinearly arranged, and athermostatic element controlled by the heater temperature, and adaptedto engage and swing the abutment member in degrees varying with thetemperature to selectively dispose one of the abutments across the pathof the entrained winding member.

10. A device of the class described including a heater element, a switchfor controlling current thereto, a detent for holding the switch controlmeans in one position, a clock mechanism, a swinging element connectedfor winding the clock and engageable with the detent at the end of atiming period to trip the detent, and adapted to be entrained e same, Y

an abut- 11. A device of the class described includ;

ing a heater element,` a circuit and a sw;

therefor, a detent for controlling the switch a clock mechanism, apivoted lever connected for winding the clock and engageable with thedetent to trip the same and adapted to be entrained while the clockmechanism is running, a movable support adapted to prematurely engagethe detent, a stop member pivoted to the support,A and havingcurvilinearly arranged abutments, and a thermostatic element` controlledby heater temperature and arrangedto engage and swing the stop member todispose one of the abutments in the path of the entrained winding mem-12. A heater, an electric switch therefor, a detent for holding theswitch in one position, a translatable element adapted to prematurelymove the detent, a swinging element upon the translatable element havingabutments, a lever engageable with the detent, timing means orentraining the lever, and a thermostatic element controlled by theheater temperature adapted to engage the swinging element and disposethe same across the path of the lever, the swinging paths of the leverand swinging element being substantially perpendicular to one another. I

13. A heater, an electric switch therefor, a detent for holding theswitch in one position, a translatable element adapted to prematurelymove the detent, a swinging element upon the translatable element havingabutments, a lever engageable with the etent timing means for entrainingthe lever, and a thermostatic element controlled by the heatertemperature adapted to engage the swinging element and dispose the sameacross the path ofthe lever. i

14. A heater, a control means, a detent for holding Athe control meansin one position, a translatable element adapted to move the detent, aswinging element upon the translatable element having abutments, a leverengageable with the detent, timing means for entraining the swingingelement, and a thermostatic element controlled by the heater temperatureadapted to engage the swinging element and dispose the same across thepath of the lever.

15. A device of the class described includ-A ing a toasting chamber andelectric heater therefor, a bread support movable respectively toadvance the bread to and withdraw lll it from toasting position withreference tothe heater, a detent for holding the bread support inadvanced position, a clock mechanism, a movable element connected forvterpose the movable means in the path of the movable winding elementbefore said element arrives at tripping position.

16. A device of the class described including an electric heater, abread support movable respectively to advance the bread to and withdrawit from toasting position in reference to the heater, a detent forholding the bread support in advanced position, a clock -mechanism, amovable element for winding the clock and engageable to Irelease thedetent and therefore cause withdrawal of the bread support at the end ofa timing period, means movable to prematurely trip the detent, a memberadjustable on the movable means, a thermostatie element arranged to movethe adjustable member, said element operable as the result of heatertemperature to interpose the member in the pathof the movable windingelement before this element arrives at tripping position, a switch forcontrolling current to the heater and including a movable element andconnections between the movable element and the toast support wherebythe toast support is advanced, as the switch is closed, and whereby whenthe toast support is released by the detent to be withdrawn, the switchis opened.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 23rd day ofDecember, 1926.

THOMAS o. FORBES.

